Two longhair parents cannot produce a shorthair kitten.
Two classic tabby parents cannot produce a mackerel, spotted, or ticked tabby kitten. A ticked tabby must have a ticked tabby parent. A mackerel or spotted tabby must have a mackerel, spotted, or ticked tabby parent.
The dilute gene must be present in both the sire and dam's pedigree in order to produce a dilute offspring.
The chocolate or lilac gene must be present in both the sire and dam's pedigree in order to produce chocolate or lilac offspring.
A white cat must have a white parent.
To get a colorpointed kitten, both parents must be carrying the colorpointed gene (even if they do not appear colorpointed themselves).